Siqi Zheng, Weizeng Sun, Jianfeng Wu, and Matthew Kahn. 'The birth of edge cities in China: Measuring the effects of industrial parks policy'. Journal of Urban Economics 100, 2017,pp.80-103.

The birth of edge cities in China: Measuring the effects of industrial parks policy

Siqi Zheng

Center for Real Estate, and Department of Urban Studies and Planning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA

Weizeng Sun

Institute for Economic and Social Research, Jinan University, China

Jianfeng Wu

School of Economics and China Center for Economic Studies (CCES), Fudan University, China

Matthew E.Kahn

Department of Economics, USC and NBER, USA

內容簡介Abstract:

China's government has spent hundreds of billions of dollars to invest in new industrial parks with the intent of boosting the economic growth, by attracting new firms into the parks and also generating spillovers for the local economy. Do such place-based investments in capital raise urban productivity or is this another case of the powerful state misallocating capital in China? This paper measures the localized spillover effects of 110 parks built in eight major cities on firm productivity, wages, and local manufacturing employment growth. We find that the geographic spillover effect of parks is an increasing function of the park's overall human capital level, the FDI share, and its “synergy” with nearby incumbent firms (measured by Marshallian factors). Using geo-coded data, we document that the growth in local employment and wages stimulates nearby local housing construction and retail store openings. The rise of a new production sub-center causes the emergence of a suburban “consumer city”.

摘要😽：

在過去30多年裏🎑，中國各級政府投資了數百億資金新建各類型的開發區🕕，以此吸引企業和通過產業集聚來促進本地經濟增長。如此大規模的資本投資是否能夠帶來生產率水平的提高，還是造成資本的錯配呢？本文考察了中國8個主要城市的110個國家級和省級開發區對製造業企業生產率水平、工資和本地製造業就業增長的溢出效應👰🏻。文章發現開發區的人力資本水平、FDI比例和馬歇爾外部性對其溢出效應有正向作用📄。利用地理編碼信息🙍🏼‍♂️，文章還發現本地就業和工資增長能夠促進周邊消費設施的發展，如住房建設和零售店面開張等👩🏻‍🦯。文章的研究證實了生產活動在城市次中心集聚會帶來消費次中心的出現，從而形成“邊緣城市”。

附： MIT NEWS 對文章的解讀，詳見鏈接：

http://news.mit.edu/2017/industrial-edge-cities-helped-china-grow-0818?from=timeline&isappinstalled=0

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